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Related Concept Videos

Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
05:32

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Published on: December 7, 2018

Anxiety in children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder.

Yuta Nakai1, Dai Miyawaki, Hiroto Kusaka

  • 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. wave550@r5.dion.ne.jp

Osaka City Medical Journal
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) experience more anxiety symptoms than the general population. However, their anxiety may not meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders, requiring careful clinical attention.

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Anxiety symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) are often overlooked or misdiagnosed.
  • These symptoms may be core features of PDD rather than meeting criteria for distinct anxiety disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess anxiety dimensions in children with high-functioning PDD.
  • To compare anxiety levels in children with high-functioning PDD to the general population and children with anxiety disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-six children (6-15 years) with high-functioning PDD were evaluated for total anxiety and six subcategories.
  • Anxiety measures included separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, social phobia, panic/agoraphobia, physical injury fears, and obsessive-compulsiveness.

Main Results:

  • Children with high-functioning PDD showed significantly higher total anxiety and most subcategories (except social phobias) compared to the general population.
  • They exhibited fewer symptoms of total anxiety, separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, and social phobias than children with diagnosed anxiety disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Anxiety in high-functioning PDD often does not meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders.
  • Clinicians should carefully assess anxiety in these children, not relying solely on diagnostic criteria, to ensure timely treatment.