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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface
11:00

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Published on: October 2, 2016

Haptic guided virtual reality simulation for targeted drug delivery using nano-containers manipulation.

Syed Hassan1, Mohsin Shah, Sung Chul Yoon

  • 1School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and ReCAPT, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Virtual reality (VR) enables nano-scale simulation of nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery. This technology aids in analyzing NP structure and drug release for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs like Cisplatin.

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Published on: October 2, 2016

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Virtual Reality Applications

Background:

  • Drug delivery effectiveness relies on targeted dosage and affected cells.
  • Visualizing and simulating nano-scale processes is crucial for drug delivery optimization.
  • Virtual reality (VR) offers potential for analyzing nano-scale phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate VR as a tool for analyzing and simulating nanoparticle (NP) manipulation.
  • To investigate the use of haptic feedback in VR for evaluating NP characteristics.
  • To assess the efficiency and bioavailability of Cisplatin delivered via amorphous NPs.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation of amorphous NPs in a virtual environment.
  • Application of haptic guides simulating atomic force microscopy (AFM) for NP interaction.
  • Loading Cisplatin into self-assembled amorphous copolymer P(3HV-co-4HB)-b-mPEG NPs.
  • In-silico evaluation of NP structure, drug release, and behavioral studies.

Main Results:

  • VR simulations demonstrated the ability to analyze NP structure and drug release profiles.
  • Haptic feedback provided a tactile interface for evaluating NPs.
  • Simulated amorphous polymeric NPs showed good biocompatibility.
  • The study confirmed the potential of these NPs for targeted drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual reality is a valuable tool for simulating and analyzing nano-scale drug delivery processes.
  • Amorphous polymeric NPs are effective vehicles for the constant and targeted delivery of toxic anticancer drugs.
  • VR with haptic feedback enhances the evaluation of nanoparticle-drug formulations.