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Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry at a free-electron laser.

A Singer1, U Lorenz, F Sorgenfrei

  • 1Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.

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Summary

Free-electron laser (FEL) experiments reveal high transverse coherence and Gaussian statistics, similar to lasers. Measurements estimate the FEL average pulse duration at 50 fs.

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Area of Science:

  • * Physics
  • * Optics
  • * Quantum Optics

Background:

  • * Free-electron lasers (FELs) are advanced light sources offering unique properties for scientific research.
  • * Understanding the statistical properties and coherence of FEL radiation is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To characterize the statistical properties and coherence of the FEL FLASH beam in its non-linear regime.
  • * To measure the transverse coherence, degeneracy parameter, and average pulse duration of the FEL radiation.
  • * To investigate higher-order intensity correlations to determine the radiation statistics.

Main Methods:

  • * Performed second- and higher-order intensity correlation measurements (Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment).
  • * Utilized the FEL FLASH facility operating in a non-linear regime.
  • * Analyzed correlations in both spatial and frequency domains.

Main Results:

  • * Demonstrated high transverse coherence of the FEL beam, with a degree of coherence around 80%.
  • * Measured a degeneracy parameter of approximately 10^9, comparable to laser sources.
  • * Estimated the average FEL pulse duration to be 50 femtoseconds (fs).
  • * Higher-order correlation measurements confirmed Gaussian statistics, characteristic of chaotic sources.

Conclusions:

  • * The FEL FLASH beam exhibits high transverse coherence and laser-like properties.
  • * The radiation statistics are Gaussian, indicating a chaotic source nature despite high coherence.
  • * The study provides valuable insights into the fundamental properties of FEL radiation for future applications.