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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Published on: February 13, 2016

Poly(vinylcaprolactam)-based biodegradable multiresponsive microgels for drug delivery.

Yang Wang1, Jinshan Nie, Baisong Chang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.

Biomacromolecules
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Biodegradable poly(vinylcaprolactam) microgels were developed for drug delivery. These stimuli-responsive microgels effectively deliver doxorubicin, showing potent anticancer activity and good biocompatibility.

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Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

Published on: January 24, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing advanced drug delivery systems is crucial for targeted therapy.
  • Stimuli-responsive materials offer controlled drug release mechanisms.
  • Biodegradable polymers are desirable for minimizing long-term toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize poly(vinylcaprolactam)-based biodegradable microgels for biomedical applications.
  • To investigate the stimuli-responsive behavior and degradation properties of the microgels.
  • To evaluate the drug encapsulation and release capabilities, as well as the in vitro cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Precipitation polymerization using N,N-bis(acryloyl) cystamine (BAC) as cross-linker, with methacrylic acid (MAA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) methyl ether methacrylate as comonomers.
  • Characterization of microgel properties, including temperature sensitivity and volume phase transition temperature (VPTT).
  • Assessment of degradation in the presence of reducing agents (glutathione/dithiothreitol) and drug release studies (Doxorubicin/DOX).
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays on normal cells and HeLa cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • Stable, temperature-sensitive PVCL-based microgels were successfully synthesized.
  • VPTT was found to increase with higher MAA content and pH.
  • Microgels degraded via disulfide bond cleavage in reducing environments (GSH/DTT).
  • Effective encapsulation of DOX with stimuli-triggered release in acidic or reducing conditions.
  • Blank microgels showed no toxicity to normal cells; DOX-loaded microgels exhibited significant antitumor activity against HeLa cells.

Conclusions:

  • PVCL-based biodegradable microgels are promising candidates for stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems.
  • The tunable VPTT and triggered degradation offer precise control over drug release.
  • The developed microgels demonstrate excellent biocompatibility and potent anticancer efficacy.