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Micro-evolution in grasshoppers mediated by polymorphic Robertsonian translocations.

Pablo C Colombo1

  • 1Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. colombop@ege.fcen.uba.ar

Journal of Insect Science (Online)
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Robertsonian translocations in grasshoppers reduce recombination, similar to Drosophila inversions. This phenomenon, observed in five New World species, may influence population genetics and biological control strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cytogenetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Robertsonian translocations are chromosomal rearrangements involving the fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes.
  • Grasshoppers with Robertsonian translocations offer a model system to study meiosis due to clear meiotic figures.
  • Previous research has identified five New World grasshopper species polymorphic for Robertsonian translocations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on grasshoppers polymorphic for Robertsonian translocations.
  • To analyze chiasma distribution and trivalent/multivalent orientation in metaphase I.
  • To investigate the impact of Robertsonian translocations on recombination and population structure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of grasshopper species with Robertsonian translocations.
  • Analysis of meiotic figures to study chiasma frequency and orientation.
  • Comparison of recombination rates in fusion carriers versus non-carriers.
  • Examination of population distribution patterns (central-marginal) in relation to polymorphism.

Main Results:

  • A marked reduction in proximal and interstitial chiasma frequency was observed in fusion carriers of most studied species.
  • Reduced recombination in fusion carriers leads to decreased genetic variation.
  • Robertsonian polymorphic grasshoppers share similarities with inversion polymorphic Drosophila, including potential central-marginal population patterns.
  • Dichroplus pratensis exhibits a complex Robertsonian polymorphism system, while Leptysma argentina and Cornops aquaticum do not show the central-marginal pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Robertsonian translocations significantly reduce recombination in grasshoppers, impacting genetic diversity.
  • The central-marginal pattern observed in some species suggests adaptation to specific environments.
  • Further research is needed to understand the population genetics of Robertsonian polymorphism and its implications for biological control, particularly for Cornops aquaticum.
  • The potential for introduced species like C. aquaticum to exhibit similar patterns in new environments warrants monitoring.