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Hand hygiene01:23

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Updated: May 9, 2026

Generation of Greater Bacterial Biofilm Biomass using PCR-Plate Deep Well Microplate Devices
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Published on: April 22, 2022

Chlorhexidine activity against bacterial biofilms.

Pauline Cordenonsi Bonez1, Camilla Filippi Dos Santos Alves, Tanise Vendruscolo Dalmolin

  • 1Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

American Journal of Infection Control
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial and fungal biofilms show increased resistance to the antiseptic chlorhexidine. This reduced susceptibility is likely due to inherent resistance mechanisms within the biofilm structure, impacting treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
BiofilmsChlorhexidineMicrobial resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance
  • Clinical Science

Background:

  • Biofilms are complex microbial communities on surfaces.
  • Microbial biofilms pose clinical challenges due to poor treatment response.
  • Chlorhexidine is a widely used hospital antiseptic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine against bacterial and fungal biofilms.
  • To determine if biofilms exhibit resistance to chlorhexidine's antimicrobial activity.

Main Methods:

  • Disk diffusion and susceptibility tests were performed.
  • Biofilm inhibitory concentration was determined per CLSI standards.
  • Crystal violet staining and optical density readings (570 nm) were used.

Main Results:

  • Chlorhexidine showed high activity against free-form microorganisms.
  • Effectiveness was reduced against biofilms of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, MRSA, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusions:

  • Microorganisms within biofilms demonstrate enhanced resistance to chlorhexidine.
  • Biofilm structure likely confers resistance mechanisms, reducing antiseptic effectiveness.