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Related Concept Videos

Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin or DPDPE for...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice
08:35

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2015

Opiates modulate thermosensation by internalizing cold receptor TRPM8.

George Shapovalov1, Dimitra Gkika, Maily Devilliers

  • 1Inserm U1003, Equipe Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Universite de Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.

Cell Reports
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Opioid receptors (OPRMs) modulate cold sensation by affecting the TRPM8 cold sensor. This mechanism, reversed by naloxone, impacts pain perception during opioid treatment and withdrawal.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice
08:35

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Sensory Biology

Background:

  • μ-opioid receptors (OPRMs) are crucial for pain relief but cause tolerance and addiction.
  • Opioid withdrawal symptoms, like cold hyperalgesia, hinder rehabilitation.
  • Understanding sensory distortions from opioid use is incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which OPRMs modulate thermosensation.
  • To investigate the role of TRPM8 in opioid-induced sensory changes.

Main Methods:

  • Examined OPRM1 activation effects on the TRPM8 cold sensor.
  • Utilized naloxone as an inverse OPRM agonist.
  • Investigated TRPM8 knockout models.

Main Results:

  • OPRM1 activation causes TRPM8 internalization, which naloxone reverses.
  • TRPM8 knockout reduces morphine-induced cold analgesia.
  • A pathway linking OPRMs and TRPM8 in thermosensation was identified.

Conclusions:

  • OPRMs regulate thermosensation via TRPM8 modulation.
  • This pathway offers insight into opioid-induced pain and withdrawal.
  • The findings suggest a universal mechanism for opioid-related sensory modulation.