Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Attraction V: Social Skills01:29

Factors Influencing Attraction V: Social Skills

Social skills play a crucial role in shaping interpersonal interactions and enhancing individuals' ability to navigate various social environments successfully. These skills contribute to personal and professional success, influencing how others perceive and treat individuals. High social skills provide distinct advantages in numerous settings, including romantic relationships, politics, and legal proceedings. In courtroom settings, for instance, defendants who exhibit strong social skills are...
Trait Centrality01:21

Trait Centrality

Trait centrality refers to the degree to which a particular characteristic influences the overall impression of an individual. Some traits exert a disproportionately strong impact on perception, shaping how people interpret other attributes of a person. Solomon Asch first systematically studied this phenomenon in 1946.Asch’s Experiment on Trait CentralityAsch's seminal study demonstrated the centrality of certain traits through a controlled experiment. Participants were presented with a list of...
Self-Efficacy01:29

Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
Growth versus Fixed Mindset01:24

Growth versus Fixed Mindset

Carol Dweck introduced the term mindset to describe individuals' beliefs about their intellectual and personal capabilities. These beliefs significantly influence psychological processes such as motivation, goal-setting, and perseverance, ultimately shaping academic and life outcomes. Individuals generally possess one of two mindsets- a fixed or a growth mindset—each promoting different responses to success, failure, and challenge.Fixed vs. Growth MindsetA fixed mindset assumes that one's...
The Professional Nurse01:22

The Professional Nurse

Professional nurses are not limited to bedside care and are taking roles of greater responsibility. A nurse should have a knowledge-based practice, including personal, theoretical, procedural, cultural, and reflexive knowledge. Additionally, nurses must be competent in cognitive, technical, interpersonal, and ethical/legal skills. Some of the best attributes of successful nurses include the following:
Communication skills: These are critical characteristics, especially speaking and listening.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond the brake: The subthalamic nucleus predominantly facilitates action in non-human primates.

Progress in neurobiology·2026
Same author

Brain-inspired strategies for efficient artificial intelligence.

Molecules and cells·2026
Same author

Multiple groups of neurons in the superior colliculus convert value signals into saccadic vigor.

iScience·2026
Same author

Lateral habenula and periaqueductal gray neurons signal reward prediction error and continuity of reward expectancy to drive reward-seeking behavior.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Beyond the Brake: the Subthalamic Nucleus Predominantly Facilitates Action in Non-human Primates.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Retrograde optogenetics reveals sensorimotor convergence within a corticotectal pathway of non-human primates.

Current biology : CB·2025
Same journal

Misinformation as strategy: Epistemic consequences and the undermining of shared truth.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Geographical psychology: Spatial variation in psychological phenomena and their consequences.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Multi-brain neurofeedback: what are we training for?

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

The developing vocal self.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Searching beyond decrements: Attentional guidance across the adult lifespan.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Looking into working memory through micro eye movements.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
07:52

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

Why skill matters.

Okihide Hikosaka1, Shinya Yamamoto, Masaharu Yasuda

  • 1Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. oh@lsr.nei.nih.gov

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maximizing rewards requires efficient skill acquisition, involving both finding objects and acting on them. Object skill, based on memory for object-value associations, drives value-based gaze bias for faster reward acquisition.

Keywords:
Object–value memoryautomaticitygazereward delaysaccadestable value

More Related Videos

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
07:52

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Maximizing rewards per unit time is crucial for survival and success in humans and animals.
  • Efficient reward acquisition is achieved through skill acquisition, comprising object and action skills.
  • Object skill involves identifying valuable items, while action skill pertains to interacting with them.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of object skill in optimizing reward-directed behavior.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of object skill, particularly memory-based value associations.
  • To understand how object skill contributes to maximizing rewards per unit time.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on reward-directed skills and memory.
  • Analysis of the sequential components of reward-directed skills (object and action).
  • Examination of the link between object-value memory and behavioral responses.

Main Results:

  • Object skill is proposed to rely on high-capacity memory for object-value associations.
  • Encountering learned objects triggers rapid memory expression as value-based gaze bias.
  • This gaze bias facilitates automatic object acquisition or avoidance, enhancing efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Object skill is a critical component for maximizing rewards per unit time.
  • Memory-based value associations underpin object skill, enabling rapid, adaptive behavior.
  • Object skill significantly contributes to efficient reward-seeking strategies.