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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function. They...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Antihypertensive drugs decrease risk of Alzheimer disease: Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study.

Sevil Yasar1, Jin Xia, Wenliang Yao

  • 1The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. syasar1@jhmi.edu

Neurology
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain blood pressure medications, including diuretics, angiotensin-1 receptor blockers (ARB), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in individuals with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Diuretic use showed a reduced risk in both groups.

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Published on: May 10, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia poses a significant health challenge in aging populations.
  • Identifying modifiable risk factors, such as medication use, is crucial for AD prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the use of specific antihypertensive medications and the risk of developing AD dementia.
  • To examine this association in older adults with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of longitudinal data from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study involving adults aged 75+.
  • Cox proportional hazard models were employed to assess the risk of AD dementia in relation to medication use, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Diuretic, ARB, and ACE-I use were associated with a reduced risk of AD dementia in participants with normal cognition.
  • In participants with MCI, only diuretic use demonstrated a significant association with decreased AD dementia risk.
  • These associations were observed independently of mean systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Diuretic, ARB, and ACE-I medications may play a role in reducing AD dementia risk in cognitively normal older adults.
  • Diuretic use appears to be particularly beneficial, showing a reduced risk in both normal cognition and MCI groups.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.