Root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars. Part I

Area of Science:

• Endodontics
• Dental Anatomy
• Morphology

Background:

• Understanding root canal anatomy is crucial for successful endodontic treatment.
• Mandibular second molars present unique anatomical variations that can complicate treatment.
• Previous studies have highlighted variability, but detailed analysis of specific features is ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the detailed root canal morphology of 149 mandibular second molars.
• To identify the prevalence of different root numbers, canal configurations, and accessory canal systems.
• To explore the influence of patient age, race, sex, and dental arch side on root canal anatomy.

Main Methods:

• A sample of 149 extracted mandibular second molars was used.
• Pulp removal, India ink injection, demineralization, and clearing techniques were employed.
• Detailed analysis of root number, canal number, canal shape, transverse anastomoses, lateral canals, apical foramen position, and apical deltas was performed.

Main Results:

• Root distribution: 22% single, 76% two, 2% three roots.
• Canal configurations varied by root type; C-shaped canals were more common in single-rooted teeth.
• Accessory canals (lateral, 72%; transverse, 33%) and apical deltas (35%) were frequent.
• Patient age, race, sex, and side of the mouth influenced canal shape and apical anatomy.

Conclusions:

• Mandibular second molar root canal systems exhibit significant complexity and variability.
• Single-rooted molars demonstrated more intricate anatomy than two-rooted molars.
• Demographic factors play a role in shaping root canal morphology, impacting endodontic predictability.