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Related Experiment Videos

Assays for plasma complement activation by x-ray contrast media.

S Eaton1, H M Tsay, F Yost

  • 1Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, NJ.

Investigative Radiology
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Contrast media (CM) can activate the complement system. Nonionic iopamidol demonstrated lower complement activation potential compared to ionic contrast media, as measured by C3a levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Contrast media (CM) are widely used in medical imaging.
  • Some CM can trigger the body's complement system, potentially leading to adverse reactions.
  • Characterizing CM based on their complement activation potential is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the ability of hemolytic complement activity and C3a radioimmunoassay (RIA) to characterize contrast media (CM) based on complement activation.
  • To compare the complement-activating potential of various commercial CM formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated hemolytic complement activity and C3a RIA in plasma exposed to different CM.
  • Tested commercial formulations of diatrizoate, iodamide, iothalamate, ioxaglate, iohexol, and iopamidol.

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  • Measured C3a concentration and hemolytic complement activity changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Exposure to CM decreased hemolytic complement activity and increased C3a concentration in plasma.
    • The C3a assay offered a wider dynamic range for discriminating between CM.
    • Nonionic iopamidol showed significantly lower complement-activating potential than ionic media (diatrizoate, iothalamate, iodamide, ioxaglate).
    • Mean C3a values ranged from 48-60 ng/50 µL for saline, 65-173 ng/50 µL for nonionic CM, and 807-3272 ng/50 µL for ionic CM.
    • Complement activation correlated with osmolality (r=0.945) and molarity (r=0.994 for diatrizoates).

    Conclusions:

    • C3a radioimmunoassay is a sensitive method for characterizing contrast media-induced complement activation.
    • Nonionic contrast media, specifically iopamidol, exhibit lower complement-activating potential compared to ionic contrast media.
    • Complement activation by contrast media is associated with their osmolality and molarity.