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In-vitro Mutagenesis

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

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Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases

Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases

Published on: April 2, 2014

Engineering subtle targeted mutations into the mouse genome.

Douglas B Menke¹

¹Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.

Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)

|August 6, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing subtle targeted mutations (STMs) in mouse embryonic stem cells precisely modifies the genome. This review covers current and emerging gene targeting technologies for creating advanced mouse models of human disease.

Keywords:

CRISPR/Cas TALEN ZFN point mutation

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases

Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases

Published on: April 2, 2014

Generation of Genetically Modified Mice through the Microinjection of Oocytes

Generation of Genetically Modified Mice through the Microinjection of Oocytes

Published on: June 15, 2017

Somatic Genome-Engineered Mouse Models Using In Vivo Microinjection and Electroporation

Somatic Genome-Engineered Mouse Models Using In Vivo Microinjection and Electroporation

Published on: May 5, 2023

Area of Science:

Genetics
Molecular Biology
Genomics

Background:

Homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is a precise tool for genome modification.
Gene targeting has generated thousands of mouse alleles for gene function analysis and disease modeling.
Most existing alleles involve gene ablation, conditional inactivation, or reporter gene insertion.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current strategies for introducing subtle targeted mutations (STMs) into the mouse genome.
To highlight novel gene targeting technologies impacting mouse genome engineering.
To underscore the value of STMs for creating sophisticated mouse models.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on gene targeting techniques.
Analysis of strategies for introducing point mutations, small deletions, and insertions.
Discussion of emerging technologies like TALENs and CRISPR/Cas for genome editing.

Main Results:

Subtle targeted mutations (STMs) enable specific transcript ablation and functional analysis of protein domains or regulatory elements.
STMs facilitate the development of more accurate mouse models of human genetic disorders.
New technologies like TALENs and CRISPR/Cas offer enhanced precision and efficiency in genome modification.

Conclusions:

Subtle targeted mutations provide powerful avenues for detailed genetic analysis and disease modeling.
Advanced gene targeting technologies are transforming the capabilities of mouse genome engineering.
The precise introduction of STMs is crucial for dissecting gene function and modeling human diseases.