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Related Concept Videos

LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

Influence of RNA structural elements on Ty1 retrotransposition.

Katarzyna J Purzycka1, David J Garfinkel, Jef D Boeke

  • 1RNA Structure and Function Laboratory; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Poznań, Poland ; HIV Drug Resistance Program; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA.

Mobile Genetic Elements
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals novel RNA structures in the long-terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposon Ty1, including a pseudoknot crucial for its function. These findings shed light on retrotransposon RNA packaging and replication.

Keywords:
RNA packagingRNA structureTy1 retrotransposonpseudoknotreverse transcription

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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
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04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Long-terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons like Ty1 are mobile genetic elements replicating via RNA.
  • Their genomic RNA contains structures vital for gene expression and propagation, with antisense RNAs regulating copy number.
  • Understanding Ty1 RNA structure is key to deciphering retroviral-like processes such as packaging and reverse transcription.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural determinants of Ty1 genomic RNA involved in transposition.
  • To explore the interaction between antisense RNAs and genomic RNA in Ty1.
  • To provide insights into the mechanisms of RNA packaging and dimerization in LTR-retrotransposons.

Main Methods:

  • Combined structural approaches with functional and genetic assays.
  • Analyzed various stages of the Ty1 life cycle.
  • Compared different RNA structural states.

Main Results:

  • Identified a novel RNA pseudoknot that is essential for retrotransposon function.
  • Provided the first structural snapshot of Ty1 genomic RNA during transposition.
  • Demonstrated potential regions involved in Ty1 RNA dimerization and packaging.

Conclusions:

  • A novel RNA pseudoknot plays a critical role in Ty1 retrotransposon function.
  • Structural insights into Ty1 genomic RNA advance our understanding of retrotransposon replication and packaging.
  • Further research into RNA structural dynamics can elucidate mechanisms of retroelement propagation.