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Related Concept Videos

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Stability of structures01:14

Stability of structures

In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
Support Reactions in Three Dimensions01:27

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions

Support reactions in three dimensions help maintain the stability and equilibrium of various structures and systems. These reactions prevent the system from translating and rotating, ensuring the design can withstand external forces and perform its intended function efficiently and safely. Some of the supports providing support reactions in three dimensions are discussed below:
Ball and Socket Joint is one of the supports allowing free rotation about any axis. This freedom of rotation is...
Constraints and Statical Determinacy01:26

Constraints and Statical Determinacy

In structural engineering, the equilibrium of a system is not only determined by its equations of equilibrium but also with the help of constraints. Constraints refer to restrictions on the motion of a system. The proper combinations of constraints can minimize the total number of constraints needed to maintain a system in mechanical equilibrium. When this happens, the system is said to be statically determinate. For such systems, the unknown reaction supports can be estimated using equilibrium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models
10:09

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models

Published on: October 9, 2014

Relative stiffness, transverse displacement and dynamization in comparable external fixators.

T N Gardner1, M Evans

  • 1Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK.

Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

External fixators showed significant fracture movement under various loads, impacting healing potential. Even under weight-bearing, excessive motion and stress on bone and screws were observed.

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A Reliable and Reproducible Critical-Sized Segmental Femoral Defect Model in Rats Stabilized with a Custom External Fixator
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models
10:09

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Published on: October 9, 2014

In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint
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In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint

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A Reliable and Reproducible Critical-Sized Segmental Femoral Defect Model in Rats Stabilized with a Custom External Fixator
08:20

A Reliable and Reproducible Critical-Sized Segmental Femoral Defect Model in Rats Stabilized with a Custom External Fixator

Published on: March 24, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic biomechanics
  • Surgical implant technology

Background:

  • External fixation is a common orthopedic technique for fracture management.
  • The stability of external fixator constructs is crucial for effective bone healing.
  • Understanding construct behavior under physiological loading is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the biomechanical performance of unilateral external fixators.
  • To quantify fracture site movement under axial, bending, and torsional loads.
  • To assess the impact of weight-bearing on fixator stability and stress distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory testing of several unilateral external fixator devices.
  • Application of simulated axial, bending, and torsional forces.
  • Measurement of shear and axial displacement at the fracture site.
  • Evaluation of construct stability under simulated full weight-bearing conditions.

Main Results:

  • Substantial shear movement (up to 4 mm) was observed in some fixators.
  • Shear displacement was consistently as significant as axial displacement across tested loads.
  • All tested fixator/bone screw constructs exhibited excessive axial movement during simulated weight-bearing.

Conclusions:

  • Unilateral external fixators demonstrate considerable instability under physiological loading.
  • Excessive fracture site motion, particularly shear, may impede bone healing.
  • High axial movement under weight-bearing can lead to detrimental bone and screw stresses, potentially nearing material yield points.