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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis
07:44

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

Posterior element variation at the thoracolumbar transition: a morphometric study using computed tomography.

K P Singer1, P D Breidahl, R E Day

  • 1The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.

Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The thoracolumbar junction

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Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
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Published on: September 17, 2019

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Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
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Published on: September 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Radiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The thoracolumbar junction is a critical transition zone in spinal biomechanics.
  • Understanding the normal variation in posterior element orientation is essential for diagnosing pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the variation in posterior element orientation at the thoracolumbar junction.
  • To characterize transitional patterns and identify common levels of abrupt orientation change.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans from 630 individuals (aged 10-93) were analyzed.
  • Orientation of zygapophyseal joints (T10-11, T11-12, T12-L1, L1-2) was calculated using a computer-aided digitizer.
  • Gradual and abrupt transitions, as well as joint asymmetry, were quantified.

Main Results:

  • A gradual transition from coronal to sagittal joint orientation occurred over three levels (T10-11 to T12-L1) in 59.6% of cases.
  • Abrupt transitions were most common between T11-12 and T12-L1 (18.1%).
  • Zygapophyseal joint asymmetry (>10°) was most frequent at T11-12 (40.8%) and T12-L1 (17.7%).
  • Ossification anomalies of L1 transverse processes were noted in 2.06% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • The thoracolumbar junction exhibits significant variation in posterior element orientation.
  • A gradual transitional pattern is most common, but abrupt changes and asymmetry are also prevalent.
  • Findings provide normative data for interpreting spinal anatomy and potential pathologies in this region.