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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

Impulse

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds
05:52

Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds

Published on: August 25, 2020

Impulsive forces during walking and their clinical implications.

J J Collins1, M W Whittle

  • 1Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, USA; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Walking generates impulsive forces, including the heelstrike transient at foot impact. This study investigates these forces and their links to joint degeneration, osteoarthritis, and low back pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Musculoskeletal System
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Repetitive impulsive forces impact the musculoskeletal system during normal walking.
  • The heelstrike transient is a notable irregularity in ground reaction force at heelstrike.
  • Experimental evidence suggests a correlation between impulse loading and joint degeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the nature of the heelstrike transient.
  • To discuss the use of accelerometers and force platforms for investigating skeletal transients.
  • To analyze the human body's response to impact forces during walking and explore links to osteoarthritis and low back pain.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized accelerometers and force platforms for skeletal transient investigation.
  • Conducted experiments analyzing the human body's response to walking impact forces.
  • Reviewed literature on impulsive loading and pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Characterized the heelstrike transient and its measurement techniques.
  • Presented experimental data on the body's response to impact forces.
  • Detailed potential causative links between excessive impulsive loading and osteoarthritis/low back pain.

Conclusions:

  • Heelstrike transients are a significant aspect of walking biomechanics.
  • Impulsive loading may contribute to the development or progression of osteoarthritis and low back pain.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate these relationships.