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Related Concept Videos

DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

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Computational methods for identification of DNA transposons.

Ning Jiang1

  • 1Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

DNA transposable elements (TEs) are common in plants and often located near genes, impacting gene expression. This chapter details methods for identifying DNA TEs, including miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) and Helitrons.

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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Published on: September 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences. DNA TEs, unlike RNA TEs, are frequently found in gene-rich plant regions.
  • DNA TEs often contain gene fragments and have a closer relationship with host genes, potentially influencing gene expression and function.
  • DNA TEs possess distinct structural features, such as terminal inverted repeats (TIRs), which are crucial for their identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methodologies for identifying various DNA transposable elements in plant genomes.
  • To highlight the prevalence and characteristics of DNA TEs, particularly miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) and Helitrons.
  • To explain the structural features used in the detection of DNA TEs.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic sequence analysis utilizing structural features like terminal inverted repeats (TIRs).
  • Comparative genomics approaches to identify and classify DNA transposable elements.
  • Bioinformatic tools and algorithms designed for TE discovery.

Main Results:

  • DNA transposable elements are abundant in plants and often reside in gene-rich areas.
  • Miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) represent the most common type of DNA TE in plants.
  • The structural characteristics of DNA TEs facilitate their identification within genomic data.

Conclusions:

  • Effective methods exist for identifying diverse DNA transposable elements in plants.
  • Understanding DNA TE location and structure is key to deciphering their impact on plant genomes.
  • This chapter provides a foundational guide to the identification of plant DNA TEs, including MITEs and Helitrons.