Four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography of an arteriovenous fistula in the neck

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF), a type of vascular anomaly, is a relatively uncommon disease characterized by abnormal connections between the arterial and venous systems. Recently, remarkable advances in four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (4D-CTA) have enabled detailed analysis of the hemodynamic features of vascular anomalies, which cannot be achieved by conventional imaging modalities. We report a case of AVF in a 59-year-old female presenting as a right neck mass. Using reconstructed animations from various viewing angles, 4D-CTA could clearly visualize not only a mass but the feeding artery and draining vein from the mass. 4D-CTA was useful for the diagnosis of AVF and to determine the surgical strategy preoperatively.