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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis
08:44

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Published on: September 7, 2022

Immune deficiencies in children: an overview.

S Jyothi1, S Lissauer, S Welch

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK. jyothiee@hotmail.com

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) increase susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, and malignancy. Prompt diagnosis in children is crucial, and this guide offers a framework for investigation.

Keywords:
ImmunologyPaediatric Practice

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Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis
08:44

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Published on: September 7, 2022

Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR
14:14

Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR

Published on: December 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) are a group of genetic disorders affecting the human immune system.
  • PIDs lead to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, and malignancy.
  • Diagnosing PIDs in children presents challenges due to diverse presentations from birth to adolescence.

Observation:

  • Pediatricians face difficulties in identifying children who require investigation for PIDs.
  • Timely diagnosis, particularly for severe PID forms, is essential to prevent severe morbidity and mortality.
  • Recognizing specific signs and symptoms in children is key to suspecting PID.

Findings:

  • This work provides a foundational understanding of the human immune system relevant to PIDs.
  • It outlines clinical presentations that should prompt pediatricians to consider PID.
  • A structured, stepwise framework for investigating PIDs in children is proposed.

Implications:

  • Improved diagnostic strategies for PIDs can lead to earlier intervention.
  • Implementing the proposed framework may reduce diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes.
  • Enhanced understanding and investigation protocols can mitigate the severe consequences of undiagnosed PIDs.