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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids01:19

Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids

Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme activation, sulfur...
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Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

Polyamine metabolism changes in psoriasis.

Valentina Broshtilova1, Valentina Lozanov, Ljubka Miteva

  • 1Departments of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia Medical University, Bulgaria.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psoriatic lesions show significantly higher levels of essential polyamines like spermine compared to healthy skin. These findings highlight the role of adenosine methionine decarboxylase (AMDC) in psoriasis pathogenesis.

Keywords:
Psoriasisputrescinespermidinespermine

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) are vital for cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
  • Scientific evidence points to a key role for polyamines in keratinocyte proliferation and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate polyamine metabolic alterations in benign keratinocytic proliferation, using psoriasis vulgaris as a model.
  • To compare polyamine levels in psoriatic lesions, non-lesional psoriatic skin, and healthy control skin.

Main Methods:

  • Employed an innovative chromatographic method for precise detection of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels.
  • Analyzed skin samples from 31 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 27 healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Psoriatic lesions exhibited a two-fold increase in all measured polyamines compared to non-lesional skin.
  • No significant differences in polyamine levels were observed between non-lesional psoriatic skin and healthy control skin.
  • Elevated spermine concentrations in lesions correlated with proliferation, suggesting a key role for adenosine methionine decarboxylase (AMDC).

Conclusions:

  • Psoriasis does not involve latent changes in polyamine metabolism in non-lesional skin.
  • Psoriatic lesions demonstrate significantly elevated levels of key biogenic polyamines.
  • The heightened spermine levels underscore the critical role of AMDC in psoriasis-associated polyamine dysregulation, suggesting therapeutic targets.