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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Chronic idiopathic urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity: perplexing association.

S Yadav1, Aj Kanwar, D Parsad

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid autoimmunity prevalence was similar in chronic autoimmune urticaria subgroups, suggesting a shared cause. This indicates that chronic autoimmune urticaria subtypes may represent a single condition.

Keywords:
Autoimmune urticariachronic idiopathic urticariathyroid autoimmunity

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Chronic autoimmune urticaria (CAU) is differentiated from chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) without autoantibodies using the autologous serum skin test (ASST).
  • Thyroid autoimmunity is a well-established autoimmune condition, with prior research indicating a higher prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies and altered thyroid hormone levels in CIU patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate any potential association between thyroid autoimmunity and CAU.
  • To explore the relationship between ASST status and thyroid autoimmunity in CIU patients.

Main Methods:

  • CIU patients were categorized into ASST-positive and ASST-negative groups.
  • Thyroid autoantibodies were measured in 40 patients from each ASST group.
  • Thyroid hormone profiles were assessed in individuals with significant thyroid autoantibody titers. A control group of 40 non-urticaria individuals was included.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies was comparable between ASST-positive (20%) and ASST-negative (15%) CIU patients.
  • The control group exhibited a lower prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies (5%).

Conclusions:

  • The similar rates of thyroid autoantibodies in both ASST subgroups suggest a common etiopathogenesis.
  • These findings imply that the ASST-positive and ASST-negative subgroups of CIU may represent a continuum or a single disease entity.