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Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates
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Trichomoniasis: How do we diagnose in a resource poor setting?

R Sivaranjini1, T J Jaisankar, Devinder Mohan Thappa

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.

Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis infection is unreliable using symptoms alone. Combining simple lab tests like wet mount and Papanicolaou smear improves diagnostic accuracy, especially in resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
CulturePapanicolaou smearTrichomonas vaginalisvaginal dischargewet mount

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Clinical diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection is often unreliable due to overlapping symptoms with other pathogens.
  • Vaginal discharge is a common symptom, but its differential diagnosis is broad.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women with vaginal discharge.
  • To characterize clinical features associated with the infection.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic performance of various microbiological investigations.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive hospital-based study involving 400 women aged 20-50 with vaginal discharge.
  • Data collection included detailed history, physical examination, and microbiological tests.
  • Evaluated tests included Whiff test, pH, Gram stain, wet mount, Papanicolaou smear, and culture.

Main Results:

  • Trichomonas vaginalis infection was identified in 6.75% of the 400 women studied.
  • Risk factors included sexual contact history, symptomatic partners, and alcohol consumption.
  • Combined laboratory tests (Whiff, pH, Gram stain) achieved 97.3% specificity; combined wet mount and Papanicolaou smear achieved 92.6% sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical diagnosis alone is insufficient for Trichomonas vaginalis infection.
  • Combining simple laboratory tests enhances diagnostic accuracy, approaching the performance of culture.
  • This approach is particularly valuable in resource-poor settings.