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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition02:11

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Soil Microbial Ecology01:29

Soil Microbial Ecology

Soil microbial ecology is defined by highly diverse, spatially structured communities that drive nutrient cycling, organic matter turnover, and overall ecosystem stability. Although a gram of soil can contain thousands of bacterial and archaeal taxa, the ecological processes they mediate are even more crucial for sustaining terrestrial life.Microhabitats and NichesSoil is a heterogeneous mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Microbes inhabit distinct microhabitats formed by...

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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
08:16

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Published on: March 13, 2014

Genetic by environment interactions affect plant-soil linkages.

Clara C Pregitzer1, Joseph K Bailey, Jennifer A Schweitzer

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee.

Ecology and Evolution
|August 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Plant genetic variation significantly impacts soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics, influencing forest ecosystems. Understanding these plant-soil linkages is crucial for conservation and climate change adaptation strategies.

Keywords:
Above- and belowground linkagesPopuluscommunity and ecosystem geneticsfeedbacksgenetic × environment interactionsnutrient cycling

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Published on: July 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Forest Science

Background:

  • Plant intraspecific variation's role in plant-soil linkages is understudied, particularly with natural environmental changes.
  • Understanding these dynamics is vital for evolutionary ecology and predicting ecosystem responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how tree genotype (G), environment (E), and their interactions (G × E) affect soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics.
  • To assess the influence of Populus angustifolia genotypes on belowground processes across an elevational gradient.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three common gardens with Populus angustifolia genotypes across an elevational gradient.
  • Analyzed soil carbon and nitrogen pools, litter traits, and process rates (net N mineralization, net nitrification).

Main Results:

  • Soil carbon and nitrogen varied significantly across environments (>62% and >50%, respectively).
  • Genotype and environment influenced soil nutrient pools, while G × E interactions affected process rates.
  • Plant plasticity in growth and litter chemistry correlated with soil nutrient dynamics, indicating strong plant-soil feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Plant genetic variation differentially affects carbon storage and nitrogen cycling.
  • These findings highlight the importance of genetic diversity in plant-soil feedback mechanisms.
  • Results have implications for forest conservation and restoration under climate change.