Hydatidiform mole: A Review of Management Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in South-East Nigeria

Hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) is the pre-malignant form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. It is of clinical and epidemiological interest because of its significant complication in pregnancy.

This study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment options, and outcomes of molar pregnancy in a Nigerian tertiary health institution.

A 10-year retrospective study of patients with molar pregnancy managed at the hospital from 1(st) July 2001 to 30(th) June 2010 was undertaken.

There were 34 cases of molar pregnancy, out of a total delivery of 7,579, giving an incidence of 0.4% or 1 in 223 deliveries. The mean age of the patients was 31.3 (8.7) years, and 29.0% (9/31) of the patients were nulliparous. The mean gestational age of the patients at presentation was 14.7 (3.5) weeks. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal vaginal bleeding, 93.5% (29/31), while anemia was the commonest complication seen in 96.8% (30/31) of patients. Almost all the patients (93.5%) had suction evacuation while 6.5% (2/31) had hysterectomy. As many as 6.5% (2/31) of patients had post-evacuation chemotherapy while 87.1% (27/31) patients had follow-up contraception. As many as 64.5% (20/31) of patients had complete follow-up for less than 6 months. The case fatality rate was 9.7%.

Molar pregnancy has remained an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in our hospital, and the incidence was high. There is need for early recognition, timely referral, prompt and proper treatment of this condition. Adequate follow-up of the patients should be reinforced.