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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Liposomal formulations for inhalation.

David Cipolla¹, Igor Gonda, Hak-Kim Chan

¹Department of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. dcip8510@uni-sydney.edu.au

Therapeutic Delivery

|August 8, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Inhaled liposomes offer sustained drug release for lung infections, with two products in late-stage clinical trials. This review examines liposome-aerosol interactions and clinical safety for pulmonary drug delivery.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Drug Delivery Systems
Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

Currently, no inhaled products utilize sustained-release liposomal formulations for enhanced lung drug disposition.
Liposomes represent a promising approach for pulmonary drug delivery, but their interaction with inhalation technology requires careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the interaction between liposomal formulations and aerosol inhalation technology.
To summarize factors affecting aerosol performance of liposomes for pulmonary delivery.
To highlight the safety and clinical experience of inhaled liposomes for lung infections.

Main Methods:

Literature review incorporating recent publications on liposomal formulations and aerosolization.
Focus on factors influencing aerosol performance of liposomes.
Summary of key aspects of dry powder liposome technologies.

Main Results:

Two inhaled liposomal products, ARIKACE® (liposomal amikacin) and Pulmaquin™ (liposomal ciprofloxacin), are in late-stage clinical development.
Liposomal formulations are being developed to treat various lung infections.
The review synthesizes data on liposome-aerosol interactions, performance factors, and safety.

Conclusions:

Inhaled liposomal formulations are emerging as a viable strategy for treating lung infections.
Understanding liposome-aerosol interactions is crucial for optimizing pulmonary drug delivery.
Clinical development of liposomal amikacin and ciprofloxacin indicates significant progress in this field.