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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...

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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

A metafluid exhibiting strong optical magnetism.

Sassan N Sheikholeslami1, Hadiseh Alaeian, Ai Leen Koh

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Stanford Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

Nano Letters
|August 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel colloidal metamaterial, or "metafluid," using protein-antibody interactions for self-assembly. This metafluid exhibits a strong magnetic response and negative refractive index, paving the way for advanced nanophotonic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanophotonics and Metamaterials
  • Light-Matter Interactions
  • Colloidal Self-Assembly

Background:

  • Metamaterials offer advanced control over light-matter interactions.
  • Existing metamaterials are solid-state, limiting solution-based processing.
  • There is a growing interest in developing fluidic metamaterials for easier integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the colloidal synthesis of an isotropic metafluid.
  • To achieve a strong magnetic response at visible frequencies in a metafluid.
  • To enable solution-based processing and facile integration of metamaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Colloidal synthesis of metamolecules using protein-antibody interactions.
  • Self-assembly of silver nanoparticles around a dielectric core.
  • Optical scattering and spectroscopy to probe electric and magnetic responses.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a novel isotropic metafluid with a strong magnetic response.
  • Achieved negative effective permeability and negative refractive index at visible frequencies.
  • Synthesized metafluid in large quantities with high quality.

Conclusions:

  • The developed metafluid combines solution-based processing with metamaterial properties.
  • This work may accelerate the development of advanced nanophotonic and metamaterial devices.
  • The protein-directed self-assembly offers a scalable route to functional metafluids.