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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Thyroid storm: an updated review.

Maguy Chiha1, Shanika Samarasinghe1, Adam S Kabaker2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine
|August 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid storm is a severe endocrine emergency with no specific lab tests, requiring prompt treatment targeting hormone pathways. Survivors need definitive hyperthyroidism therapy to prevent recurrence of this life-threatening condition.

Keywords:
hyperthyroidismtherapeutic plasma exchangethyroid crisisthyroid stormthyrotoxicosis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid storm, an endocrine emergency, presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • No specific laboratory abnormalities exist; diagnosis relies on clinical criteria.
  • Pathophysiology linking hyperthyroidism to thyroid storm remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of thyroid storm.
  • To emphasize prompt treatment strategies for thyroid storm.
  • To highlight the importance of definitive therapy for underlying hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical review of thyroid storm diagnosis and management.
  • Discussion of treatment modalities including medical therapy, plasma exchange, and thyroidectomy.
  • Analysis of mortality rates and recurrence prevention.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid storm diagnosis is primarily clinical.
  • Treatment requires addressing hormone formation, release, and action.
  • Mortality is reported at 10%, with recurrence risk in survivors.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt, multi-faceted treatment is crucial for thyroid storm survival.
  • Definitive management of hyperthyroidism is essential post-thyroid storm.
  • Further research into thyroid storm pathophysiology is warranted.