Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Plasticity in brittle intermetallics enabled by framework of amorphous interfaces and preexisting dislocations.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Quantitative analysis of novel brominated flame retardants using multilayer silica/Florisil purification coupled with GC-MS/MS and assessment of their levels in vegetables by plant parts.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2026
Same author

Assessing the impacts of extreme precipitation on groundwater recharge under diverse hydrogeological conditions via the theis equation.

iScience·2026
Same author

Dislocation-enabled plasticity in rutile TiO<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub> at room temperature.

Nanoscale·2025
Same author

Association of mitochondrial RNA expression levels in saliva and plasma with interferon signature gene expression and disease activity in patients with Sjögren disease.

RMD open·2025
Same author

SLIRP amplifies antiviral signaling via positive feedback regulation and contributes to autoimmune diseases.

Cell reports·2025
Same journal

Gradient-Based Experimental Design for Defect Detection in MoS2 Including Emission Potentials for Thermal Diffuse Scattering.

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·2026
Same journal

An Automated Atom Probe Tomography Cluster Detection Approach Using Transfer Learning.

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·2026
Same journal

Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy Visualization of Helicobacter pylori in Human Saliva.

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·2026
Same journal

Integrating Morpho-Anatomy and Histochemistry to Characterize Native Brazilian Eugenia Species.

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·2026
Same journal

Polyalthia Longifolia Induced Apoptosis via miR-484 Downregulation: A Multimodal In Situ Microscopy, In Vitro, and In Vivo Investigation.

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·2026
Same journal

Rhythmic Pattern of the Ovarian Development in Posthatching Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): Histological, Ultrastructural, and Immunohistochemical Study.

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
09:13

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction

Published on: April 1, 2017

A quantitative evaluation of microstructure by electron back-scattered diffraction pattern quality variations.

Suk Hoon Kang1, Hyung-Ha Jin, Jinsung Jang

  • 1Nuclear Materials Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea.

Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada
|August 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Band contrast (BC) in electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) is influenced by measurement parameters and specimen properties. This study shows BC variations can quantify microstructure evolution, with bright BC indicating crystal recovery or recrystallization.

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
11:14

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

Published on: May 10, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
09:13

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction

Published on: April 1, 2017

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
11:14

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

Published on: May 10, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Band contrast (BC) is a qualitative measure in electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), derived from Kikuchi band intensity.
  • BC is sensitive to scanning electron microscope parameters, EBSD setup, and specimen characteristics like lattice defects and grain orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors affecting BC variations.
  • To assess the feasibility of using BC for quantifying microstructure evolution.
  • To study the effects of lattice defects and grain orientation on BC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of band contrast variations in 316L stainless steel.
  • Utilizing BC maps and histograms to reveal microstructures.
  • Observing BC changes during isothermal annealing to track recovery and recrystallization.

Main Results:

  • BC variations were investigated in relation to microstructure.
  • A shear-deformed 316L stainless steel microstructure with nanosized grains and twin boundaries was characterized using BC.
  • Recovery and recrystallization processes were monitored via BC changes at 700 and 800°C.

Conclusions:

  • Band contrast variations can be effectively used to quantify microstructure evolution in materials.
  • Brightening of band contrast is a reliable indicator of crystal structure recovery or recrystallization in deformed metals.