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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Published on: September 17, 2017

Gas vesicles across kingdoms: a comparative solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study.

Eugenio Daviso¹, Marina Belenky, Robert G Griffin

¹Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. 02454-9110, USA.

Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology

|August 8, 2013

Summary

Aquatic microbes use gas vesicles for buoyancy, built from gas vesicle protein A (GvpA). This study reveals similar water-repelling strategies but different GvpA folding in Halobacterium salinarum and Anabaena flos-aquae.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Biophysics
Structural Biology

Background:

Buoyancy organelles in aquatic microorganisms, gas vesicles, require specific properties for gas exchange, water vapor prevention, and hydrostatic pressure resistance.
Gas vesicle protein A (GvpA) forms the shell of these organelles, with its structure and assembly crucial for function.
Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) is a key technique for studying GvpA structure and assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the GvpA fold and assembly in Halobacterium salinarum (haloarchaea) and Anabaena flos-aquae (cyanobacteria).
To investigate the strategies employed by these organisms to prevent water condensation within gas vesicles.
To understand how GvpA structure relates to resistance against hydrostatic pressure in different aquatic habitats.

Main Methods:

Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze GvpA structure.
Comparative analysis of GvpA fold and assembly between H. salinarum and A. flos-aquae.

Main Results:

Both H. salinarum and A. flos-aquae utilize similar strategies to prevent internal water condensation within gas vesicles.
H. salinarum, inhabiting shallower waters, employs a less energy-intensive GvpA fold compared to A. flos-aquae to withstand hydrostatic pressure.
Differences in GvpA fold reflect adaptations to varying hydrostatic pressures and habitat depths.

Conclusions:

Microbial gas vesicle structure is adaptable to environmental pressures, with GvpA fold variations optimizing buoyancy organelle function.
Similar mechanisms for water-proofing gas vesicles exist across different microbial lineages.
The study highlights the efficiency of GvpA structural adaptation in response to hydrostatic pressure in aquatic environments.