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Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)
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Training the approximate number system improves math proficiency.

Joonkoo Park1, Elizabeth M Brannon

  • 11Center for Cognitive Neuroscience.

Psychological Science
|August 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that training the approximate number system (ANS) can improve symbolic math skills. This suggests a causal link between basic number sense and complex mathematical abilities.

Keywords:
mathematical abilitynumber comprehension

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Humans and animals share an approximate number system (ANS) for estimating quantities.
  • ANS acuity correlates with symbolic math performance across development.
  • The ANS may be a foundational cognitive basis for symbolic mathematics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if training the ANS improves symbolic math abilities.
  • To investigate a potential causal relationship between ANS acuity and symbolic math skills.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted involving ANS training.
  • Participants performed approximate addition and subtraction tasks using dot arrays.
  • Symbolic math performance was assessed before and after training.

Main Results:

  • ANS training selectively enhanced performance in symbolic addition and subtraction.
  • This demonstrates a transfer effect from approximate to symbolic math tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Complex mathematical skills are fundamentally linked to preverbal quantitative abilities.
  • Direct evidence supports a causal relationship between the ANS and symbolic math.
  • Interventions targeting the ANS may aid individuals with math difficulties.