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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Construction and Application of Cerebral Functional Region-Based Cerebral Blood Flow Atlas Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Arterial Spin Labeling
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Construction and Application of Cerebral Functional Region-Based Cerebral Blood Flow Atlas Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Arterial Spin Labeling

Published on: May 31, 2024

Cerebral blood flow quantification using vessel-encoded arterial spin labeling.

Thomas W Okell1, Michael A Chappell, Michael E Kelly

  • 1Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
|August 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Vessel-encoded pseudocontinuous ASL (VEPCASL) provides accurate cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantification by distinguishing arterial contributions. This advanced technique offers vessel-selective information crucial for assessing brain blood supply in various patient groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cerebrovascular Physiology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is increasingly used for cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessment.
  • Conventional ASL methods often lack vessel-selective information, limiting evaluation of collateral flow and arterial supply to lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate vessel-encoded pseudocontinuous ASL (VEPCASL) for quantitative CBF and bolus arrival time mapping.
  • To compare VEPCASL with conventional pseudocontinuous ASL (PCASL) in healthy volunteers.

Main Methods:

  • VEPCASL with multiple post-labeling delays was employed to generate vessel-specific CBF and bolus arrival time maps.
  • Simulations and experimental data from healthy volunteers were used for comparison with PCASL.

Main Results:

  • Simulations indicated PCASL can underestimate CBF by up to 37% in regions with dual arterial supply, while VEPCASL maintains accuracy.
  • Experimental results showed comparable signal-to-noise ratio between VEPCASL and PCASL, with no systematic bias in VEPCASL CBF estimates.
  • VEPCASL offers crucial vessel-selective information not present in PCASL.

Conclusions:

  • VEPCASL provides accurate, vessel-selective CBF quantification, overcoming limitations of conventional PCASL.
  • Despite increased complexity, VEPCASL enhances the assessment of cerebrovascular conditions, particularly in patients with collateral flow.