Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ultrasound-Guided, Continuous Brachial Plexus Blockade in a Neonate With Upper Extremity Limb Ischemia: A Case Report.

A&A practice·2018
Same author

Elevated endotracheal tube cuff pressure in the pediatric emergency department.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2018
Same author

Progress to publication of survey research presented at anesthesiology society meetings.

Paediatric anaesthesia·2018
Same author

Changes in cerebral oxygenation based on intraoperative ventilation strategy.

Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.)·2018
Same author

The authors reply.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2018
Same author

Analgesic effects of methadone and magnesium following posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.

Journal of anesthesia·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Current practices regarding codeine administration among pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists.

Richard S Cartabuke1, Joseph D Tobias, Thomas Taghon

  • 11Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.

Clinical Pediatrics
|August 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Many pediatric providers still prescribe codeine, despite risks. Ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers face serious harm from codeine due to rapid conversion to morphine, necessitating increased provider education.

Keywords:
analgesiacodeinepharmacogenomicsprimary carerespiratory depression

More Related Videos

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Clinical Practice

Background:

  • Codeine metabolism varies significantly due to genetic factors, particularly CYP2D6 gene variations.
  • Ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers convert codeine to morphine rapidly, posing risks of toxicity and mortality in children.
  • This variability has fueled debate on the safety and efficacy of codeine for pediatric pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey current prescribing practices of codeine for pediatric pain management.
  • To identify which healthcare providers continue to prescribe codeine.
  • To inform educational strategies for safe pediatric pain management.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was distributed to pediatric healthcare providers at a single tertiary care pediatric hospital.
  • Data collected included response rates and details on codeine prescribing habits.
  • Statistical analysis was performed on the 298 responses received.

Main Results:

  • 43.3% of surveyed providers continue to prescribe codeine for pediatric pain.
  • The majority of codeine prescribers were primary healthcare providers (89.1%).
  • No significant difference in codeine use was found based on years of provider experience.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of pediatric healthcare providers continue to prescribe codeine despite known pharmacogenomic risks.
  • Primary care providers represent the largest group prescribing codeine to children.
  • Targeted education for healthcare providers on the risks associated with codeine prescribing in pediatric patients is warranted.