Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Assessment of apical radial pulse

Assessment of apical radial pulse

Apical-Radial (A-R) Pulse Assessment
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
Pre-Procedural Preparation

z Scores and Area Under the Curve

z Scores and Area Under the Curve

z scores are the standardized values obtained after converting a normal distribution into a standard normal distribution. A z score is measured in units of the standard deviation. The z score tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a z score of zero.

Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

Assessment of apical pulse

Assessment of apical pulse

Assessing the Apical Pulse
Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for:

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:

Introduction to Vital Signs

Introduction to Vital Signs

Vital signs are physiological measurements that help key into the status of the body's essential functions. These include body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, commonly abbreviated as T, P, R, and BP. Some healthcare settings also consider oxygen saturation (SpO2) and, in specific contexts, pain and level of consciousness as additional vital signs.
Vital signs help healthcare professionals assess an individual's well-being and detect any functional changes or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Antiosteoporotic activity of echinacoside in ovariectomized rats.

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·2013

Same author

Low molecular weight fucoidan against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.

PloS one·2013

Same author

Promoting the activity of catalysts for the oxidation of water with bridged dinuclear ruthenium complexes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2013

Same author

Tunable green oxygen barrier through layer-by-layer self-assembly of chitosan and cellulose nanocrystals.

Carbohydrate polymers·2013

Same author

Gastrointestinal effects of resistant starch, soluble maize fibre and pullulan in healthy adults.

The British journal of nutrition·2013

Same author

GeneExpressionSignature: an R package for discovering functional connections using gene expression signatures.

Omics : a journal of integrative biology·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

The apgar score and infant mortality.

Fei Li¹, Ting Wu, Xiaoping Lei

¹Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

|August 8, 2013

Summary

The Apgar score remains valuable for predicting infant survival up to one year, identifying risks in both preterm and term infants, including twins and diverse racial groups.

More Related Videos

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation

A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation

Published on: January 13, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation

A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation

Published on: January 13, 2023

Area of Science:

Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine
Public Health
Pediatric Mortality Studies

Background:

The Apgar score, established over 50 years ago, is a standard measure of newborn health at birth.
Its continued relevance in predicting long-term infant outcomes requires ongoing evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the enduring utility of the Apgar score in current medical practice.
To determine the Apgar score's predictive power for infant mortality beyond the neonatal period.

Main Methods:

Analysis of a large U.S. birth dataset (over 25 million singleton and 768,000 twin births).
Utilized Cox proportional hazard models to link Apgar scores to infant mortality risk within the first year.
Examined outcomes stratified by gestational age, birth type (singleton/twin), and race/ethnicity.

Main Results:

Low Apgar scores (1-3) at five minutes were associated with persistently high neonatal and post-neonatal mortality rates, even in term infants.
High Apgar scores (≥7) correlated with progressively lower mortality rates as gestational age increased.
Racial disparities in mortality were observed, with non-Hispanic White infants having higher neonatal mortality and Black infants having higher post-neonatal mortality.
Apgar score's predictive pattern for mortality was consistent across singleton and twin births.

Conclusions:

The Apgar score retains significant value in predicting adverse neonatal and post-neonatal outcomes.
Its predictive capability extends to both term and preterm infants, as well as twins and various racial/ethnic populations.
The Apgar score remains a pertinent tool for risk assessment in contemporary obstetrics and pediatrics.