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Related Experiment Videos

Retinoid-induced nasal malformations.

G Granström1, A Kullaa-Mikkonen

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

ORL; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Retinoids like etretinate and retinoic acid cause severe craniofacial and nasal defects in developing rat embryos. These malformations include nasal deformities, cartilage abnormalities, and reduced nasal pore distance.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Teratology
  • Craniofacial research

Background:

  • Retinoids are crucial for embryonic development.
  • Exposure to retinoids during critical developmental periods can lead to birth defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific craniofacial and nasal malformations induced by etretinate and retinoic acid in Sprague-Dawley rats.
  • To describe the morphological changes in the nasal region following retinoid exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with etretinate or retinoic acid on days 8.5-9.0 of gestation.
  • Morphological examination of craniofacial and nasal structures in the resulting embryos.

Main Results:

  • All embryos exposed to retinoids exhibited craniofacial defects.
  • Specific malformations included a depressed nasal bridge, fused nasal processes (leading to fistulas and clefts), reduced nasal septal cartilage, missing paranasal cartilage, deformed parietothecal cartilage, and dislocated paraseptal cartilage.
  • Aberrant nasal vessels, underdeveloped vibrissae, and a reduced distance between outer nasal pores were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Etretinate and retinoic acid are potent teratogens causing significant craniofacial and nasal malformations in rats.
  • Retinoid exposure during early gestation disrupts normal nasal development, affecting cartilage formation, fusion, and vascularization.

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