Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026
Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
Published on: July 21, 2023
Spectrum of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in coastal Odisha
Shivaram Prasad Singh1, Manas Kumar Panigrahi
1Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Shanti Nagar, Cuttack 753001, Odisha, India.
Introduction:
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the commonest gastrointestinal emergencies encountered by physicians and surgeons. The spectrum of upper gastrointestinal bleeding varies from region to region and depends on the status of the center in healthcare hierarchy.
Aim:
To determine the etiology of UGIB at a gastroenterology clinic in coastal Orissa and to compare it with other regions of India.
Methods:
Six hundred and eight consecutive patients with UGIB reporting to a gastroenterology outpatient clinic were subjected to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) to find out the etiology. The clinical profile and endoscopic findings were analyzed and compared with the data on UGIB from other regions of the country.
Results:
The mean age of patients was 42+/-18.2 years. Majority of them were males (85.53%) and male: female ratio was 6:1. The commonest cause of UGIB was duodenal ulcer (DU) which accounted for 57.57% cases. Portal hypertension was responsible for bleed in only 12.83%. Benign prepyloric ulcer accounted for 6.41% cases and concomitant duodenal ulcer and benign pyloric ulcer were seen in 3.61%. Gastric ulcer was responsible for 1.8% only. Neoplasm accounted for 7.73% of cases. Other less common causes were erosive gastritis (1.8%), Mallory Weiss tear (1.8%), and retch gastropathy (1.1%). Non steroidal anti inflammatory (NSAID) ingestion was reported in 7.56% of cases. Melena was the commonest mode of presentation. Surprisingly, over two third cases of DU bleeds were not associated with abdominal pain.
Conclusions:
Bleeding duodenal ulcer was the commonest cause of UGIB in coastal Odisha. This is in contrast to reports from other parts of India, where variceal bleeding is the predominant etiology. The differences could be due to the reason that the studies which have portrayed variceal bleeding as the commonest cause of UGIB reflect the etiology of bleed of only severe cases which were referred to these centers - all of whom needed urgent hospitalization. The figures from our study are true reflection of the real etiological spectrum of UGIB in this region.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
01:24Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction
01:30Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
01:25Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction
01:27Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
01:25Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications