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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
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Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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An Ultrasonic Tool for Nerve Conduction Block in Diabetic Rat Models
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Published on: October 20, 2017

Reversible nerve conduction block using kilohertz frequency alternating current.

Kevin L Kilgore1, Niloy Bhadra

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
|August 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Balanced-charge kilohertz frequency alternating currents (KHFAC) offer rapid, reversible nerve block potential. Further research is needed to fully understand KHFAC mechanisms and optimize clinical applications for disease treatment.

Keywords:
Electrical stimulationhigh frequencykilo hertz frequency nerve blocknerve blockpain blockspasticity block

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Published on: August 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Balanced-charge kilohertz frequency alternating currents (KHFAC) are explored for nerve conduction block.
  • Preclinical studies show KHFAC can rapidly and reversibly block nerve conduction.
  • There is growing scientific and clinical interest in KHFAC block technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the features and clinical applications of KHFAC.
  • To analyze the history, characteristics, and investigation methods of KHFAC block.
  • To compare existing clinical applications of high-frequency currents with KHFAC block features.

Main Methods:

  • Review of KHFAC block history and characteristics.
  • Examination of methods for investigating KHFAC block.
  • Analysis of experimental evaluations, electrical parameters, and electrode designs for KHFAC block.
  • Comparison of clinical applications of high-frequency currents with KHFAC block data.

Main Results:

  • Many KHFAC block features are characterized, but neural responses to fluctuating electrical fields remain incompletely understood.
  • Current clinical reports lack sufficient detail to evaluate treatment success mechanisms.
  • Further research is needed to understand the fundamental properties of KHFAC block.

Conclusions:

  • KHFAC nerve block shows significant potential for controlling nerve activity in disease treatment.
  • Early clinical studies on high-frequency currents for pain treatment lack mechanistic clarity and direct preclinical comparison.
  • Standardized reporting of parameters and development of outcome measures are crucial for elucidating KHFAC mechanisms.