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Sensory Functions of the Skin

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...

Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Flat Mount Imaging of Mouse Skin and Its Application to the Analysis of Hair Follicle Patterning and Sensory Axon Morphology

Flat Mount Imaging of Mouse Skin and Its Application to the Analysis of Hair Follicle Patterning and Sensory Axon Morphology

Published on: June 25, 2014

Multimodal mapping of human skin.

S Heuke¹, N Vogler, T Meyer

¹Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.

The British Journal of Dermatology

|August 10, 2013

Summary

Multimodal imaging combining CARS, SHG, and TPEF offers detailed human skin visualization. This technique reveals distinct molecular and structural features of skin layers and appendages for dermatological applications.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Optics
Dermatological Imaging
Microscopy

Background:

Multimodal imaging integrates Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), and Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence (TPEF).
This approach provides complementary contrast based on molecular vibrations, tissue structure, and endogenous fluorophores.

Purpose of the Study:

To offer a comprehensive overview of human skin appearance using multimodal imaging.
To highlight the diagnostic potential of this technique in dermatology.

Main Methods:

Performed multimodal imaging on unstained human skin cross-sections from 32 individuals.
Utilized a laser scanning microscope with picosecond laser pulses for excitation.

Main Results:

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutis were distinguishable across all modalities, with optimal visualization in multimodal images.
Subcutis showed a dominant CARS signal; dermis was detected by SHG and TPEF; epidermis showed CARS and TPEF contributions, with no SHG signal.
Characteristic morphochemistry of skin appendages (hair follicles, glands, blood vessels) was identified using TPEF and CARS, with SHG delineating their locations.

Conclusions:

Multimodal imaging is a potent tool for human skin investigation, offering high contrast based on molecular composition.
This technique shows significant potential for dermatological research and clinical diagnostics of skin conditions.