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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
In vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...

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Identification of Functionally-Relevant Lentivirus Integration Sites in an Insertional Mutagenesis Cell Library
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Cancer gene discovery: exploiting insertional mutagenesis.

Marco Ranzani1, Stefano Annunziato, David J Adams

  • 1San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy. ranzani.marco@hsr.it.

Molecular Cancer Research : MCR
|August 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Insertional mutagenesis uses tools like retroviruses and transposons to discover new cancer genes. Newer lentiviral vectors offer broader applications for identifying genes in human cancer pathogenesis.

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Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Insertional mutagenesis is a key strategy for identifying genes involved in human cancer development.
  • Various insertional mutagens, including retroviruses and transposons, have been instrumental in discovering cancer genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review different insertional mutagenesis tools used in cancer gene discovery.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of various mutagens.
  • To highlight emerging tools for future cancer gene screening.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on insertional mutagenesis techniques in cancer research.
  • Analysis of retroviral, transposon, and lentiviral vector applications.
  • Discussion of gene deregulation mechanisms and model systems.

Main Results:

  • Retroviruses effectively identify cancer genes in hematopoietic and mammary systems.
  • Transposons enable discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors in various solid tumors.
  • Lentiviral vectors offer broad cell type and tissue infectivity, including non-dividing cells.

Conclusions:

  • Insertional mutagenesis remains a powerful approach for novel cancer gene discovery.
  • Advancements in tools like lentiviral vectors expand the scope of cancer gene screens.
  • Future developments promise improved identification of genes driving cancer pathogenesis.