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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
09:03

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2012

Is green tea a potential trigger for autoimmune hepatitis?

Eugenia Gallo1, Valentina Maggini, Margherita Berardi

  • 1University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), Florence, Italy.

Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology
|August 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A patient developed autoimmune hepatitis after consuming green tea while on oral contraceptives and irbesartan. Genetic factors likely increased susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury.

Keywords:
AIHALTAPAutoimmune hepatitisCYPCatechinEGCGGGTGSTGreen teaMDRMTHFRSULTSingle nucleotide polymorphismUDP glucuronosyltransferaseUGTalanine aminotransferasealkaline phosphataseautoimmune like hepatitiscytochrome P450epigallocatechin-3-gallateglutamiltransferaseglutathione S-transferasemethylenetetrahydrofolate reductasemultidrug resistancesulfotransferase

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease of unknown etiology.
  • Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can mimic AIH, presenting diagnostic challenges.
  • Genetic predisposition plays a role in idiosyncratic drug reactions.

Observation:

  • A case report of AIH onset following consumption of green tea infusion.
  • The patient was concurrently using oral contraceptives and irbesartan.
  • The patient possessed a genetic variant affecting hepatic metabolism.

Findings:

  • A combination of oral contraceptives, irbesartan, and green tea acted as a mild toxic insult.
  • The patient's genetic hepatic metabolism variant increased drug concentrations.
  • This led to haptenization of liver proteins and subsequent autoimmune hepatitis development.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential for drug and herbal interactions to trigger AIH in susceptible individuals.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering genetic factors in DILI and AIH.
  • Suggests caution in polypharmacy, especially with herbal supplements in patients with metabolic variations.