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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Expansion and Enrichment of Gamma-Delta (&#947;&#948;) T Cells from Apheresed Human Product
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Expansion and Enrichment of Gamma-Delta (γδ) T Cells from Apheresed Human Product

Published on: September 22, 2021

Functional development of γδ T cells.

Immo Prinz1, Bruno Silva-Santos, Daniel J Pennington

  • 1Institute for Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany. Prinz.Immo@mh-hannover.de

European Journal of Immunology
|August 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Murine gamma delta T cells gain function during thymic development, unlike most T cells. Their functional commitment is influenced by the thymic microenvironment during specific developmental windows.

Keywords:
IFN-γIL-17γδ T-cell developmentγδ T-cell ontogenyγδ T-cell subsets

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Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood γδ T Cells using Zoledronate

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • T cells typically mature in the periphery after thymic development.
  • Murine gamma delta T cells are an exception, developing functional potential within the thymus.
  • This functional acquisition occurs from late embryonic stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ontogeny and differentiation mechanisms of murine gamma delta T cells.
  • To focus on the transcriptional control of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression.
  • To propose a model for functional commitment based on thymic microenvironmental factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on murine gamma delta T cell development.
  • Analysis of transcriptional control mechanisms for IFN-γ and IL-17.
  • Comparative discussion of mouse and human gamma delta T cell development.

Main Results:

  • Functional potential in gamma delta T cells is acquired during thymic development.
  • Key cytokines like IFN-γ and IL-17 are transcriptionally regulated.
  • Developmental windows, influenced by TCR, coreceptor ligands, and cytokines, are critical for functional commitment.

Conclusions:

  • Functional commitment of gamma delta T cells is linked to specific thymic microenvironmental cues during developmental windows.
  • Similarities and differences exist in gamma delta T cell development between mice and humans.
  • Further research is needed to address unresolved questions in gamma delta T cell functional development.