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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes
14:17

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Published on: November 30, 2006

Using somatic-cell nuclear transfer to study aging.

Satoshi Kishigami1, Ah Reum Lee, Teruhiko Wakayama

  • 1Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, KINKI University, Wakayama, Japan.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists have improved mammalian cloning efficiency fivefold using histone deacetylase inhibitors and latrunculin A. This breakthrough aids research into nuclear reprogramming and biological aging, offering a more accessible tool for studying these complex processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Mammalian genomes are unique and irreproducible after fertilization.
  • Somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) allows for the
  • passage
  • of unique diploid genomes and has been successful in various mammalian species since Dolly the sheep's cloning in 1997.
  • SCNT aids research into development, nuclear reprogramming, and epigenetic memory, with potential applications in reversing biological aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve the efficiency of mammalian cloning.
  • To develop a more cost-effective method for studying biological aging and reprogramming.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying reprogramming in cloned embryos.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in mice.
  • Employed histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) and latrunculin A in the cloning protocol.
  • Established embryonic stem cells (ES cells) from cloned embryos.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a fivefold increase in the success rate of producing cloned mice.
  • Significantly enhanced the efficiency of establishing ES cells from cloned embryos.
  • Demonstrated the utility of HDACis and latrunculin A in improving SCNT outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The improved mouse cloning protocol offers a more efficient and accessible tool for biological research.
  • This method facilitates the study of nuclear reprogramming, epigenetic memory, and biological aging.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of reprogramming in cloned embryos is warranted.