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Abnormalities in white matter microstructure associated with chronic ketamine use.

R Edward Roberts1, H Valerie Curran1, Karl J Friston2

  • 1Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical Psychology, University College London, London, UK.

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|August 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Chronic ketamine use may disrupt white matter integrity in the brain. Connectivity between subcortical and prefrontal areas might explain individual differences in dissociative experiences from ketamine.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is a fast-acting antidepressant but also a drug of abuse.
  • While acute ketamine effects are known, long-term impacts on human brain structure are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of chronic ketamine use on white matter integrity and connectivity in the human brain.
  • To explore the relationship between brain connectivity and dissociative experiences in ketamine users.

Main Methods:

  • Compared white matter microstructural integrity and connectivity in 16 ketamine users and 16 poly-drug controls.
  • Utilized probabilistic tractography to quantify corticosubcortical connectivity changes.

Main Results:

  • Ketamine users showed reduced axial diffusivity in a right hemisphere white matter network compared to controls.
  • Increased connectivity between the caudate nucleus and lateral prefrontal cortex was associated with dissociative experiences within the ketamine user group.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic ketamine use is linked to widespread white matter integrity disruption.
  • Specific white matter pathways may underlie individual differences in ketamine-induced dissociative effects.