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Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
Components of...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
09:56

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Published on: September 6, 2019

Recent developments on synthetic tools towards structural and functional glycodiversity.

J M Benito1, F Ortega-Caballero

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. juanmab@iiq.csic.es.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carbohydrate research has advanced significantly, with new synthetic strategies enabling the study of their crucial roles in biological processes. This progress in glycobiology is unlocking the complex

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Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
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Structural Biology and Analytical Chemistry Approaches for Characterizing C-Glycoside Metabolic Enzymes in Human Gut Microbiota
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Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
11:21

Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions

Published on: January 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate Chemistry
  • Glycobiology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Carbohydrates, the most abundant biopolymers, have historically been undervalued due to their complex diversity and synthesis challenges.
  • Their critical roles in cellular differentiation, signaling, fertilization, and immune responses are increasingly recognized.
  • The field of glycobiology emerged to address the need for understanding the 'glycan code'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major breakthroughs in synthetic strategies for reproducing carbohydrate diversity.
  • To highlight the development of novel techniques in carbohydrate synthesis.
  • To showcase recent applications of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry in chemical biology.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of structural and functional diversity of saccharides and glycoconjugates.
  • Dissection of key strategies in modern carbohydrate synthesis.
  • Presentation of recent applications in chemical biology.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in synthetic methodologies have been achieved.
  • A diverse toolbox for carbohydrate synthesis is now available.
  • Novel glycomaterials are accessible for biological research.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic carbohydrate chemistry is essential for deciphering the biological roles of glycans.
  • The development of new strategies has overcome previous limitations in accessing complex carbohydrates.
  • These advancements are driving new frontiers in glycobiology and chemical biology.