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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

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Published on: October 13, 2017

Ferromagnetic Kondo effect in a triple quantum dot system.

P P Baruselli1, R Requist, M Fabrizio

  • 1SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, Trieste 34136, Italy.

Physical Review Letters
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate a quantum dot device realizing the ferromagnetic Kondo model. This system exhibits unique magnetic field sensitivity and allows study of the ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic Kondo effect transition.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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Published on: October 13, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Mesoscopic physics

Background:

  • The Kondo model describes the interaction between localized magnetic moments and conduction electrons in metals.
  • Quantum dots offer a tunable platform to study condensed matter phenomena at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To realize and investigate the ferromagnetic Kondo model using a device of three laterally coupled quantum dots.
  • To explore the transition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Kondo effects and its relation to a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.
  • To analyze the impact of magnetic fields on these quantum phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a three-dot quantum device with a central dot contacted by metal leads.
  • Modeling the device using three coupled Anderson impurities.
  • Employing the numerical renormalization group (NRG) technique for theoretical analysis.
  • Calculating the single-particle spectral function of the central dot to probe the zero-bias conductance.

Main Results:

  • Successful realization of the ferromagnetic Kondo model in the quantum dot device.
  • Observation of a nonanalytic inverted zero-bias anomaly.
  • Demonstration of extreme sensitivity to an applied magnetic field.
  • Study of the transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic Kondo effect by tuning gate voltages.

Conclusions:

  • The quantum dot device serves as a versatile platform for studying the ferromagnetic Kondo effect and related transitions.
  • The findings provide insights into the fundamental physics of interacting quantum systems.
  • The system's sensitivity to magnetic fields opens avenues for potential spintronic applications.