A literature review of constructional performance in adults and children

Occupational therapists often treat children with constructional difficulties. Constructional deficits have been extensively researched in the rehabilitation and neuropsychological literature on adults with brain damage. Little research has been conducted, however, on children's constructional disabilities. This paper provides a literature review on (1) how constructional functions are assessed in adults with brain damage and in typical and atypical children; (2) the development of constructional abilities in typical children; and (3) the similarities and differences in performance "errors" made by adults with brain damage and by typical and atypical children. It is hoped that the knowledge gained from these areas can help occupational therapists to better assess and treat children with constructional difficulties. Clinical implications and principles for intervention are suggested.