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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
05:18

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

Compression and entrapment neuropathies.

P Bouche1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral nerve entrapments, like carpal tunnel syndrome, are common and often occur in anatomical tunnels or due to external compression. This review details diagnosis and treatment for various upper and lower limb nerve compressions.

Keywords:
Nerve compressioncarpal tunnel syndromeelectrophysiological studyfibular neuropathymedian nervenerve entrapmenttibial neuropathyulnar neuropathy

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
05:18

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve entrapments are common neurological conditions.
  • They frequently occur in specific anatomical locations, often referred to as anatomical tunnels.
  • Causes include external pressure, tumors, and anatomical variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of peripheral nerve entrapments in the upper and lower limbs.
  • To detail the clinical, electrophysiological, imaging, and therapeutic aspects of these conditions.
  • To highlight the most frequently affected nerves and common entrapment sites.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of peripheral nerve entrapments.
  • Description of electrophysiological diagnostic techniques.
  • Inclusion of imaging modalities for diagnosis.
  • Discussion of available therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar neuropathy at the elbow are most common in the upper limbs.
  • Fibular nerve entrapment at the fibular head is most frequent in the lower limbs.
  • Clinical and electrophysiological examinations are crucial for diagnosis, supplemented by imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral nerve entrapments require a thorough diagnostic approach combining clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging methods.
  • Understanding common sites and causes facilitates accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
  • A range of therapeutic options are available for managing nerve compression syndromes.