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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Updated: May 9, 2026

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

Drug-induced neuropathies.

Hadi Manji1

  • 1MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying drug-induced neuropathies is crucial, especially those from chemotherapy and antiretroviral drugs. Research aims to understand mechanisms and early changes to prevent irreversible nerve damage.

Keywords:
TNF antagonistsamiodaroneantiretroviralchemotherapydrug-induced neuropathylinezolidstatins

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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

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Published on: April 26, 2012

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1
09:39

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1

Published on: February 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Drug-induced neuropathies are a significant clinical concern, though they represent a small percentage of referrals.
  • Chemotherapy and antiretroviral drugs are leading causes of drug-induced neuropathies globally.
  • Understanding these neuropathies is vital for patient management and therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of drug-induced neuropathies.
  • To detail specific drug classes associated with neuropathy, including newer agents and established culprits.
  • To discuss ongoing research into mechanisms, early detection, and potential treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on drug-induced neuropathies.
  • Focus on neurophysiological and pharmacogenetic techniques for early detection.
  • Examination of pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Chemotherapy and antiretroviral drugs are major contributors to drug-induced neuropathies.
  • Newer agents like TNF-α antagonists and linezolid, as well as amiodarone, are discussed.
  • Statin-induced neuropathy remains a controversial but relevant topic.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and understanding of drug-induced neuropathies are essential to prevent irreversible nerve damage.
  • Continued research into pathogenic mechanisms and chemoprotectants is critical.
  • Comprehensive reviews of various drug classes aid in clinical management and future research directions.