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Updated: May 9, 2026

Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
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Published on: July 6, 2014

Cellular immune environment in endometrial polyps.

Tania El-Hamarneh1, Alison J Hey-Cunningham, Marina Berbic

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, Queen Elizabeth II Research Institute for Mothers and Infants, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Fertility and Sterility
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
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Endometrial polyps (EPs) show increased mast cells (MCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), indicating an inflammatory environment. These immune disturbances may contribute to abnormal bleeding and infertility in women with EPs.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive immunology
  • Gynecologic pathology
  • Cellular immunology

Background:

  • Endometrial polyps (EPs) are common gynecologic lesions.
  • Their role in abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility is not fully understood.
  • The local immune microenvironment of EPs warrants investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immune cell composition within endometrial polyps (EPs).
  • To compare the immune environment of EPs with normal endometrium.
  • To explore the potential role of immune cells in EP-associated symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective case-control study involving reproductive-age women.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of endometrial samples for mast cells (MCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs).
Keywords:
Abnormal uterine bleedingFoxp3endometrial polypendometriuminfertilitymast cellregulatory T cell

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  • Quantification of MC subtypes (tryptase+, chymase+, c-Kit+) and Tregs (Foxp3+) in EPs and various endometrial regions.

    • Main Results:

    • Significantly increased densities of all MC types were observed in EPs compared to control endometrium.
    • Elevated chymase+, c-Kit+ MCs, and Foxp3+ Tregs were found in EPs.
    • Immune cell alterations extended to polyp-adjacent and polyp-distant endometrium.

    Conclusions:

    • Endometrial polyps exhibit an inflammatory microenvironment characterized by MC overactivity.
    • Regulatory T cells appear to be recruited to EPs, likely to modulate the inflammatory response.
    • These immune disturbances may contribute to abnormal bleeding and infertility in women with EPs, necessitating further research.