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Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
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Multi-objective evolutionary optimization for greywater reuse in municipal sewer systems.

Roni Penn1, Eran Friedler, Avi Ostfeld

  • 1Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel.

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|August 13, 2013
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Summary

This study optimizes greywater reuse (GWR) systems to balance water savings and costs. The best solutions prioritize low water usage, minimizing wastewater flow and treatment expenses.

Keywords:
GreywaterManagementMulti-objectiveNSGA-IIOperationSewer system

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Resources Management
  • Sustainable Urban Systems

Background:

  • Greywater reuse (GWR) is crucial for reducing potable water demand and achieving sustainable water management.
  • Balancing GWR costs with potable water savings is essential for practical implementation.
  • Existing GWR studies often lack a comprehensive approach to optimize system design within municipal constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a multi-objective optimization model for determining the optimal distribution of various greywater reuse (GWR) home types within a municipal sewer system.
  • To identify the optimal compromise between the cost of on-site GWR treatment systems and the reduction in total wastewater (WW) flow discharged.
  • To analyze the impact of GWR implementation on sewer system hydrodynamics, specifically wastewater velocity and solids transport.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-objective optimization model was developed, integrating six types of GWR homes.
  • The model incorporated constraints on momentary wastewater (WW) velocity in sewer pipes to ensure proper solids movement.
  • Optimization was performed using an evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm coupled with hydrodynamic simulations of a representative Israeli coastal sewer system.

Main Results:

  • Two non-dominated optimal solutions were identified: one minimizing total WW flow and the other minimizing daily GWR treatment costs.
  • Both optimal solutions favored GWR types with the smallest water usage, leading to minimal differences in diurnal WW flow patterns at the neighborhood outlet.
  • Significant differences in diurnal WW flow patterns were observed in upstream sewer links due to the specific GWR types implemented in localized clusters of homes.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents the first known multi-objective optimization model for quantitatively assessing the trade-offs between decentralized GWR treatment costs and overall wastewater discharge.
  • Optimizing GWR distribution can effectively reduce potable water demand while managing impacts on municipal sewer systems.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering localized GWR implementation strategies for effective wastewater management and water resource conservation.