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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Whole Mount in Situ Hybridization of E8.5 to E11.5 Mouse Embryos
13:54

Whole Mount in Situ Hybridization of E8.5 to E11.5 Mouse Embryos

Published on: October 10, 2011

Erythroid development in the mammalian embryo.

Margaret H Baron1, Andrei Vacaru, Johnathan Nieves

  • 1Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review details red blood cell development (erythropoiesis) in mammals, covering primitive and definitive lineages. It highlights genetic similarities and differences, and methods for identifying erythroid cells.

Keywords:
AGMBFU-ECFU-EE#E-TmodEMPESESREEryDEryPErythroid differentiationFetal liverGFPHPP-CFCMEPMammalian embryoPrimitive erythropoiesisTransgenic miceYolk sacaorta–gonad–mesonephrosbipotential megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitorburst-forming unit erythroidcolony-forming cells erythroiddefinitive, enucleated erythrocytesembryonic day post-fertilizationembryonic stemerythroid–myeloid progenitorerythroid–tropomodulinextensively self-renewing erythroidgreen fluorescent proteinhigh proliferating progenitors-colony forming cellprimitive (nucleated) erythrocytes

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Published on: October 10, 2011

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08:56

Isolation of Murine Embryonic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells

Published on: June 17, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Erythropoiesis is the production and differentiation of red blood cells.
  • Two distinct erythroid lineages (primitive and definitive) develop sequentially in vertebrates.
  • Red blood cells perform critical functions including oxygen transport and defense against oxidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mammalian red blood cell development (erythropoiesis) across different stages.
  • To compare similarities and differences between erythroid lineages using genetic and gene expression data.
  • To discuss methods for identifying erythroid cells during development and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on erythropoiesis.
  • Analysis of genetic and gene expression profiling studies.
  • Discussion of cell identification techniques for erythroid cells.

Main Results:

  • Mammalian erythropoiesis involves sequential primitive and definitive lineages.
  • Genetic and gene expression studies reveal conserved and divergent features of these lineages.
  • Various methods exist for identifying erythroid cells at different developmental stages.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding erythropoiesis is crucial for normal development and red blood cell function.
  • Comparative genomics and transcriptomics provide insights into erythroid lineage evolution.
  • Accurate identification of erythroid cells aids research in hematology and developmental biology.